区别
修饰对象不同
many:主要用于修饰可数名词的复数形式,表示“许多;大量的”,Many people are waiting in the hall.(许多人在大厅里等着。)这里“people”是可数名词复数,所以用many修饰。
much:主要修饰不可数名词,表示“许多;大量的”,Much time has been wasted.(大量时间被浪费了。)“time”是不可数名词,因此用much来修饰。
在句中的成分及位置不同

many:在句中常作定语、主语或宾语,作定语时,直接放在可数名词复数前;作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;作宾语时,常用于否定句或疑问句中。 Many books are in his bag.(他的包里有书。)此句中many作定语修饰books; Many like football.(许多人喜欢足球。)此句中many作主语,谓语动词用原形like。
much:在句中多作定语或宾语,作定语时,位于不可数名词之前;作宾语时,常与a little等词一起用于比较级中,表示程度。 Much water is needed for this experiment.(这个实验需要很多水。)这里much修饰不可数名词water作定语;I need much to improve my English.(我需要很多练习来提高我的英语水平。)此句中much作need的宾语。
与形容词的搭配不同
many:可以和more一起构成比较级结构,表示“更多的”,还可以和其他数量词如hundred, thousand等连用,但要注意其单复数形式。 There are many more interesting things in the new book.(新书中有更多有趣的东西。)
much:其比较级常用more来表示,最高级用most表示,There isn't much milk left. I want more.(没剩多少牛奶了,我还想要更多。)
训练示例
以下是一些针对many和much的区别训练题目:
一、选择题
1、—Do you have ______ friends here?
—Yes, there are ______ of them in this city.
A. many; hundreds
B. much; hundreds
C. many; hundred
D. much; hundred
答案:A,解析:“friends”是可数名词复数,第一空应用many修饰;“hundreds of”为固定搭配,表示“成百上千的”,所以第二空填hundreds。
2、We can't live without ______ air or ______ water.
A. many; much
B. much; many
C. much; much
D. many; many
答案:A,解析:“air”和“water”都是不可数名词,所以两空都应填much。
二、填空题
1、There isn't ______ (much) food in the fridge. You'd better go and buy some.
2、The park has attracted ______ (many) visitors since it was opened last month.
答案:1. much;2. many,解析:第一小题中“food”是不可数名词,应用much修饰;第二小题中“visitors”是可数名词复数形式,应用many修饰。
三、改写句子
1、There are a lot of students in the classroom.(改为同义句)
There are ______ students in the classroom.
答案:many,解析:“a lot of”既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词,当修饰可数名词复数表示“许多”的含义时,可以用many替换。
2、She spends a lot of money on clothes every month.(改为同义句)
She spends ______ money on clothes every month.
答案:much,解析:“a lot of”修饰不可数名词时,可以用much替换,表示“许多”的意思。